Summary of questions included in the DESNZ/BEIS Public Attitudes Tracker since Autumn 2021

Only questions relating to policies under the remit of the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) are included. For results on topics such as consumer issues and workers’ rights, which were covered when the survey was run by the former Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS), see the [releases for waves up to Spring 2023](https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/public-attitudes-tracking-survey#beis-public-attitudes-tracker). If you have any questions, please contact us at PAT@energysecurity.gov.uk. --- Summary of questions included in the DESNZ Public Attitudes Tracker, Autumn 2021 to Winter 2025 12 March 2026 The table below summarises the questions included in the Public Attitudes Tracker since the new time series was started in Autumn 2021. The section headings relate to the topic reports in which the results are summarised. Only questions relating to policies under the remit of the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) are included. For results on topics such as consumer issues and workers’ rights, which were included when the survey was run by the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS), see the releases for waves up to Spring 2023. New questions asked in Winter 2025 are highlighted in yellow. Autumn Winter Spring Summer Autumn Winter Spring Summer Winter Spring Summer Winter Spring Summer Winter 2021 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2023 2023 2023 2024 2024 2024 2025 2025 2025 Net zero and climate change Awareness of Net ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Zero Concern about ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Climate Change Self-reported ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ behaviours to tackle climate change Behaviours ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ thought to impact on tackling climate change 1 Autumn Winter Spring Summer Autumn Winter Spring Summer Winter Spring Summer Winter Spring Summer Winter 2021 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2023 2023 2023 2024 2024 2024 2025 2025 2025 | | | | | | | | | | | | --------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Trust in | | ✓ | | ✓ | | ✓ | | ✓ | | information sources on climate | change | | | | | | | | | | | --------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | | Information on | | | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | ✓ | Climate Change mitigation | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------------ | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Attitudes towards | | ✓ | | ✓ | | ✓ | | ✓ | | various aspects of | climate change | | | | | | | | | | | --------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | ✓ | | Expected impacts of Net Zero on the economy and on regular living costs in the short/long term | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------------ | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Confidence the UK | | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | ✓ | | is on track to meet Net Zero | | | | | | | | ✓ ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ----- | --- | --- | Awareness of Great British Energy | Awareness of | | | | | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | Clean Power 2030 | Function of Great | | | | | | | ✓ | | | | ------------------ | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | British Energy | Whether the UK is | | | | | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | ------------------ | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | a global leader in climate change 2 Autumn Winter Spring Summer Autumn Winter Spring Summer Winter Spring Summer Winter Spring Summer Winter 2021 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2023 2023 2023 2024 2024 2024 2025 2025 2025 | Importance of the | | | | | | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | ------------------ | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | --- | UK being a global leader in climate change | Responsibility for | | | | | | | | | | | ✓ | | ------------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | reducing climate change | Support for | | | | | | | | | | | ✓ | | ------------ | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | government action to reduce climate change Renewable Energy | Support for | ✓ | ✓ ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ ✓ | ✓ | ✓ ✓ | ✓ ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ------------ | --- | ----- | --- | --- | ----- | --- | ----- | ----- | --- | --- | --- | renewable energy | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------ | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Support for | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | | ✓ | | | different types of renewables | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | ✓ | | | Attitudes towards renewable energy | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------------ | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Attitudes towards | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | | local solar/wind | Attitudes towards | | | | | | | | | | ✓ | | | ------------------ | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | local community benefits | Energy Infrastructure and Energy Sources | | | | | | | | | | | | | ----------------------------------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Awareness and | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | | ✓ | | | support for fusion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------------ | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Attitudes towards | | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | | fusion energy | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ----------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Awareness of and | ✓ | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | | | | support for shale gas (fracking) 3 Autumn Winter Spring Summer Autumn Winter Spring Summer Winter Spring Summer Winter Spring Summer Winter 2021 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2023 2023 2023 2024 2024 2024 2025 2025 2025 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | ✓ | | | | ✓ | | | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | | Awareness of small modular | reactors | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------------ | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Attitudes towards | | ✓ | | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | nuclear energy | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Support for | | ✓ | | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | n uclear energy | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | | Attitudes towards nuclear power p lant in local area | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ----------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Awareness of and | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | | support for carbon capture and storage | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Awareness of | | | ✓ | | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | | hydrogen | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Trust in | | | | | | | | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | | information on new and emerging energy sources | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Concerns about | | | | ✓ | | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | and attitudes towards energy security | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | Use of UK vs imported oil and gas 4 Autumn Winter Spring Summer Autumn Winter Spring Summer Winter Spring Summer Winter Spring Summer Winter 2021 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2023 2023 2023 2024 2024 2024 2025 2025 2025 | | | | | | | | | | | | ----------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | | Awareness of the | | | | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | need for new electricity infrastructure | | | | | | | | | | | | ---------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Support for new | | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | ✓ | | electricity infrastructure in local area | Information needs | | | | | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ------------------ | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | for electricity network construction | Importance of | | | | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | | -------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | different aspects of energy policy | Awareness of | | | | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | | ------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | greenhouse gas removals (GGRs) Heat and energy in the home | Awareness of | ✓ ✓ | ✓ ✓ | ✓ ✓ | ✓ ✓ | ✓ ✓ | ✓ | ✓ ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | ------------- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | --- | ----- | --- | --- | heating changes to meet Net Zero targets | Awareness of low | ✓ ✓ | ✓ ✓ | ✓ ✓ | ✓ ✓ | ✓ ✓ | ✓ | ✓ ✓ | | | | ----------------- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- | --- | ----- | --- | --- | carbon heating 5 Autumn Winter Spring Summer Autumn Winter Spring Summer Winter Spring Summer Winter Spring Summer Winter 2021 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2023 2023 2023 2024 2024 2024 2025 2025 2025 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | --- | | | ✓ | | | | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Awareness of and | likelihood of | | | | | | | | | | | | | -------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | installing specific low carbon heating systems1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------------ | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | --- | | Attitudes towards | ✓ | | | | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | | | ✓ | low carbon heating systems | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------ | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | --- | | Heating and | ✓ | | | | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | | | ✓ | cooling in the home | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------------ | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | --- | | Attention paid to | ✓ | | | | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | | | ✓ | heat used in the home | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ---------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | --- | | Trusted sources | ✓ | | | | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | | | ✓ | of advice on heating systems | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------------ | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | --- | | Replacing heating | ✓ | | | | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | | | ✓ | systems | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------------ | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Insulation in the | ✓ | | | | ✓ | | | | | | | H ome | | | | | | | | | | | | | | -------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Likelihood of | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | ✓ | | | installing solar panels 1 This question was asked again in Spring 2025 and Summer 2025, however only air source and ground source heat pumps were included. The full list of low carbon heating systems was included in the Winter 2025 wave but more frequent tracking of air source and ground source heat pumps will take place in spring and summer waves. 6 Autumn Winter Spring Summer Autumn Winter Spring Summer Winter Spring Summer Winter Spring Summer Winter 2021 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2023 2023 2023 2024 2024 2024 2025 2025 2025 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | | Energy | ✓ | | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | ✓ | Performance Certificates (EPCs) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | | Awareness of | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | ✓ | rental property | standards | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ---------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Cooking | | | | | | | ✓ | | | | | | appliances Energy bills and tariffs | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ----- | --- | --- | | Smart Meters | | ✓ | ✓ | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | Ways of | | | | | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | ✓ | monitoring energy use | Thought given to | | ✓ | | | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | ----------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | energy saving in the home | Energy | | ✓ | | | ✓ | ✓ | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | ------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | saving/wasting behaviours | Knowledge about | | | | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | | ---------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ways to reduce | energy use | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ---------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Knowledge about | | | | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | ways to reduce energy use | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ----------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Changes in | | | | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | | | energy use | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------ | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Energy bill | | | | | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | payment methods 7 Autumn Winter Spring Summer Autumn Winter Spring Summer Winter Spring Summer Winter Spring Summer Winter 2021 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2023 2023 2023 2024 2024 2024 2025 2025 2025 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | -------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | | Concern about | | ✓ | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | paying energy b ills | | | | | | | | | | | | | | -------------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | | Energy bills in the | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | ✓ | | | context of other | bills | | | | | | | | | | | | | ----------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | | Actions taken as | | | | | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | | | a result of increasing bills | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------------ | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Attitudes towards | | | | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | | | government support for bills | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ----------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | | Perceived impact | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | ✓ | | | of renewables on energy bills | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------------ | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Satisfaction with | | ✓ | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | | | | energy suppliers | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ----------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Switching energy | | ✓ | | | | | | | | | | supplier | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ----------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | | Awareness of and | | | ✓ | | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | ✓ | likelihood of switching to time of use electricity tariffs | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | --- | --- | | Awareness of | | | ✓ | | | | ✓ | | ✓ | | ✓ | smart electric vehicle charging 8 Autumn Winter Spring Summer Autumn Winter Spring Summer Winter Spring Summer Winter Spring Summer Winter 2021 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2023 2023 2023 2024 2024 2024 2025 2025 2025 Awareness of and ✓ ✓ ✓ likelihood of purchasing smart appliances (These questions have been updated from Summer 2024) Level of comfort ✓ ✓ providing energy supplier access to smart appliance data and to control smart appliances Awareness of ✓ flexible energy reward schemes Likelihood to use ✓ a flexible energy reward scheme 9